The endocrine disorder is a pathological condition caused by
excessive or deficient hormone production of endocrines (the glands that
secrete hormones directly in the blood) such as the pancreas, pituitary gland,
thyroid, and adrenal glands.
The most common diseases of the endocrine system include pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, hyperthyroidism, pituitary tumors, adenoma, and diabetes.
The most common diseases of the endocrine system include pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, hyperthyroidism, pituitary tumors, adenoma, and diabetes.
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| What are the most common diseases of the endocrine system? |
The
Most Common Diseases of the Endocrine System - An Overview of Endocrine
Disorders
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine
glands are found all over the body and are distinguished from the rest of the
glands that produce their hormones directly into the bloodstream and do not
need channels to transport them.
Endocrine
hormones are chemical and protein compounds of great importance in controlling
the chemical balance in the body, which affect the endocrine production of
hormones and control their levels in the blood.
An endocrine system is a group of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism,
growth, tissue function, sexual function, sleep, mood, etc.
The endocrine system consists of a group of glands alongside the pancreas.
Each
gland depends on the secretion of the other endocrine systems in a complex and
unorganized symmetry, in addition to its compatibility with other body glands,
and their effects on hormones.
The most important endocrine system in the body is the pituitary gland, the pancreas,
the thyroid gland, the adrenal gland, the zygote, the pineal gland, and
the gonads in both sexes; ovaries, and testicles.
Endocrine
Disorders
The hormones
produced by the endocrine glands are carefully balanced.
If any defect occurs in one of these glands, it is indicated by examining the levels
of their hormones in the blood, and whether there is a deficiency or a rise in
their levels, which is a diagnosis of the disorder of the endocrine gland.
The
Most Common Types of Endocrine Disorders
Here is a
list of all the diseases that belong to the field of the endocrine system.
Read about
the most famous diseases about which you probably have not heard before:
Pancreatic
Cancer
The pancreas
is a large internal organ located horizontally in the lower posterior section
of the abdominal cavity.
The pancreas
produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the
metabolism of sugars (carbohydrates) in the body.
The pancreas
is about 15 centimeters in size and resembles a pear on its side. The pancreas
is a central organ of the digestive system.
It secretes
hormones, which include insulin which helps the body to treat sugars. It also
produces digestive acids that help the body digest food.
Pancreatic
cancer begins in pancreatic tissue. The chances of recovery from pancreatic
cancer are very slim, even if pancreatic cancer is diagnosed at a very early
stage.
It tends to
erupt too quickly and is detected only in very early stages.
This is the main reason that this cancer causes the highest percentage of deaths caused by
cancer.
The symptoms
of pancreatic cancer often occur only after cancer has reached a relatively
advanced stage and the tumor can no longer be surgically removed.
Types of Pancreatic Cancer
Cell types
that have a role in pancreatic cancer help determine the most appropriate and
effective treatment.
Types of
pancreatic cancer include:
Cancer
arises in pancreatic ducts - Adenocarcinoma: cancer that is formed in cells lining the
pancreas channels which help in the production of digestive acids.
The majority
of cases of pancreatic cancer are of this type of glandular cancer, which is
sometimes called "tumors with external hormonal secretion".
Cancer
arises in hormone production cells: Cancer is formed in cells that produce hormones inside
the pancreas.
It is also
called "tumors with internal hormonal secretion". Tumors of this kind
are very rare.
Pancreatitis
The pancreas
is a gland located behind the stomach and next to the duodenum (the first part
of the small intestine).
The pancreas
has two functions:
1. The secretion of powerful digestive
enzymes into the gut that helps digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
2. Insulin and Glucagon are
released into the bloodstream. These hormones are responsible for the treatment
of sugars within the bloodstream and regulate the process of storing food in
the body and its subsequent use to produce energy.
Damage
caused by pancreatitis occurs when these enzymes become active before they are
released into the small intestine and thus attack the tissues of the pancreas
itself.
There are
two types of pancreatitis: Acute
pancreatitis and chronic
pancreatitis.
Acute
pancreatitis: Acute
pancreatitis develops over a short period of time. Pancreatitis may be
exacerbated, in most cases, by gallstones or by excessive alcohol consumption.
Other causes
of this type of pancreatitis include: taking medications, exposure to
infections, and exposure to injuries, an imbalance in the metabolic process or
metabolic surgery.
Chronic
pancreatitis: Chronic
pancreatitis often occurs in the wake of acute pancreatitis or a continuous
inflammation of the pancreas.
More than
70% of cases of chronic pancreatitis appear as a result of excessive alcohol
consumption for a long period of time.
Among others,
less common causes, there are metabolic disorders in the body.
Pancreatic Insufficiency
Pancreatic
insufficiency is the condition of the pancreas, due to damage or lack of
pancreatic tissue.
Usually, the cause is chronic pancreatitis of the pancreas.
The most common cause is excessive drinking, while other causes include metabolic
disorders (eg cystic fibrosis), pancreatic tissue removal due to the tumor, or
widespread pancreatic damage due to chronic pancreatitis.
Up to 90% of
the tissues of the pancreas do not generally lead to clinical symptoms, except
for abdominal pain, which is often associated with the underlying primary
factor, not with pancreatic function.
As the disease progresses, signs of pancreatic weakness appear to perform.
At first,
the work of external secretions - the secretion of digestive juices - is
reflected in the absorption disorder of various nutrients.
The
insufficiency of fat absorption leads to Steatorrhea, weight loss and lack of
fat-soluble vitamins.
The lack of
absorption of proteins and carbohydrates contributes to weight loss and signs
of malnutrition, such as general weakness, muscle atrophy, and osteoporosis.
As the
damage progresses, internal secretions - secretion of hormones - especially
insulin, which causes diabetes, also become infected.
In imaging
tests (X-ray, CT, and ultrasound), calcification usually occurs within the
pancreas, with the disappearance of healthy pancreatic tissue.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
is a disease caused by a deficiency of thyroid gland, thyroxine
(T4-Thyroxine) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the tissues of the body.
The causes
of the disease are divided into three main groups:
Primary
hypothyroidism: When
the thyroid gland is unable to produce hormones because of factors that have
damaged the gland.
Secondary
hypothyroidism: Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) production in the pituitary gland (Hypophysis), the thyroid
hormone, is impaired.
Tertiary
hypothyroidism: Thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH) production in the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland control
hormone, is impaired.
Pituitary Tumors
The pituitary gland is located in the base of the brain, just behind the nose, and
does not exceed the size of the pea.
However,
despite its small size, the pituitary gland is an essential part of the
endocrine system (the organ responsible for secretion of hormones).
The pituitary secretes a number of individual hormones, such as the growth hormone
(Somatostatin) and prolactin hormone.
It is also
responsible for the secretion of a number of hormones that affect other glands,
such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, testicles, and ovaries.
In fact, the human body is almost devoid of organs that are not affected by the pituitary
gland. It affects blood pressure, weight, growth, reproductive system, and
other organs.
Pituitary
tumors can cause disorders in the functioning of the hormonal system, where
this can begin by releasing the hormones without control.
On the other
hand, the tumor can inhibit the secretion of hormones properly, without it is
the secretion of hormones itself.
Most
pituitary tumors are an adenoma, which means that tumors do not penetrate the
layers close to them and do not move to distant members.
There are
several ways to treat the gland and tumors, from the use of drugs that can
control the growth and development, and the eradication of the tumor itself.
Adenoma
Glandular
tumors (Adenoma) appear in the digestive tract along the stomach to the rectum
(the latter part of the colon) but are very common in the colon in men and
women in general at the age of 40 and above.
An adenoma
is a benign tumor originating from the glandular epithelium or those that
produce glandular structures.
A benign tumor is a tumor that does not pose a risk to the patient's life. It is
well-limited, non-recurrent after removal and does not send stretches to other
organs in the body.
Adenoma
appears in different organs of the body, such as breasts, larynx, gallbladder,
liver, pituitary glands, kidneys, salivary glands, thyroid, digestive system,
stomach, small intestine, and colon.
It can be
very few, especially in a disease called familial polyposis.
Tumors are
probably very small but maybe up to 5-6 cm or more. Tumors may also be
glandular trunk or without the trunk.
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
Diabetes
mellitus (DM), simply known as Diabetes, is the most common endocrine/metabolic
disorder.
Diabetes
mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to
produce enough insulin
Insulin is
the hormone that regulates blood sugar. The high blood sugar without control
leads to damage in many organs of the body in the long term, especially in the
nerves and blood vessels.
Types of Diabetes
There are
three major types of Diabetes mellitus:
Type 1
diabetes: This
is the first type of insulin-dependent diabetes, which begins in the youth or
childhood, and is characterized by the lack of insulin production, which
requires the use of insulin daily, and there is no means to prevent it so far.
The symptoms
of diabetes are excessive urination, thirst, weight loss, visual disturbances,
and feeling tired.
Type 2
diabetes: Type
2 diabetes is known to be non-insulin-dependent or early-onset diabetes, due to
the inability of the body to use insulin effectively; it often results from
obesity, physical laziness,
The symptoms
of diabetes are the same symptoms of type 1 diabetes, but they are often less
clear.
This type of
diabetes is often not diagnosed after the occurrence of complications.
Gestational diabetes: It is hyperglycemia that increases the glucose rate above the normal rate without reaching the rate necessary for the diagnosis of diabetes.
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, and it is noted that women who
develop gestational diabetes are more at risk of complications of pregnancy and
childbirth and others, and they and their children are more likely to develop
type 2 diabetes in the future.
Gestational
diabetes is diagnosed by prenatal screening, not by the above symptoms.