ABS or an anti-lock braking system is a safety anti-skid braking system that prevents the
vehicle's wheels from locking in an emergency or harsh braking conditions.
Anti-Lock Braking System
(ABS)
Types of Anti-lock Braking
System (ABS)
How ABS System Works
ABS system is used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as
motorcycles, cars, trucks, and buses.
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| Anti-lock braking system (ABS) - An important safety feature |
What is an Anti-lock Braking System and How Does It Work?
Anti-Lock Braking System
(ABS)
An Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a piece of safety
equipment used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as motorcycles, cars,
trucks, and buses.
ABS system increases the driver's control of his vehicle
while driving and prevents it from locking.
The ABS system consists of sensors installed on the
wheel, which contribute to increasing the speed of rotation of the wheel in
microprocessors when the wheel increases rotation due to sliding tires, or the
loss of adhesion friction force, the control unit indicates a hydraulic or
electric shaper that regulates the pressure of the brake line to prevent
Locking the wheels.
When these sensors sense the risk of slipping as a result of
the driver pressuring the brake pedal, the system begins increasing the brake
force hundreds of times. This keeps the surface of the tire high in
contact with the road and allows it to be steered while stopping the vehicle.
In 1929, Gabriel Voisin invented the ABS system. The
primitive system was first used for threshold braking on aircraft at a time
when the validity of this system in cars had not yet been tested.
This is similar to the fact that a driver presses the brake
pedal very quickly for a vehicle that is not equipped with ABS, but the ABS
system is faster than it, as the wheels continue to rotate, while maintaining
the driver's ability to drive the car and stop for a shorter distance.
Types of Anti-lock Braking
System (ABS)
The types of ABS system differ according to the type of
engine used in the vehicle in terms of the number of valves and the number of
speed sensors, as follows:
Four-channel, four-sensor ABS: This is one of the best
types; It provides individual wheel control to ensure maximum braking
force. This system has speed sensors on all four wheels and a separate valve
for each.
Three-channel, three-sensor ABS: This type of system provides
full control of the front wheels of the vehicle. Each of them has a separate
valve and a special sensor, while the two wheels at the rear have a valve and a
joint sensor between them, which may lead to ineffective control of their
brakes, as a result of the possibility that one of the wheels may lock
while stopping.
One-channel, one-sensor ABS: This system is similar to the three-channel system that includes one valve for
both rear wheels, which may result in inefficiency of the locking.
It also contains a single sensor that can be found
near electrical contact on the distinguishing point on the rear axle of the
car.
How Does Anti-lock Braking System Work?
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| How does anti-lock braking system work |
How ABS System Works
ABS is part
of an overall stability system that monitors wheels' under heavy braking.
In the
ABS system, there are speed sensors that are installed on the vehicle's wheels,
and these sensors contain gears that rotate at the same speed as the wheels of
the car.
Also
in these sensors, there is a magnet around a coil of wires to create a magnetic field that is directly proportional to the speed of the car's wheels.
If the smart
sensors detect that the wheel is about to lock and stop moving, the system will
release the brakes.
The ABS system also has a central control unit that is responsible for monitoring
the wheels' speed and sensing that a decrease in vehicle speed is caused as a
result of using the brakes or reducing the speed.
Within the framework of mentioning the mechanism of the ABS system in the car, it must be
emphasized that this system used in brakes cannot operate alone and does not
replace the main brake system in vehicles, but it regulates the operation of
the main brake system.
When you
Press the brake pedal in the presence of the ABS system, the hydraulic control
in this system works to operate the brakes and stop them repeatedly unlike what
happens in the regular brake system.
This principle is applied to the wheels of the car where the speed is gradually
discharged through the sensors in this system as a result of its response to
the speed reduction in the main brake system.
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